Type 1 Diabetes Screening
Early detection of type 1 diabetes offers two significant benefits: the prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the opportunity for early treatment, which can delay symptom onset.
DKA Prevention
One of the most critical advantages of type 1 diabetes screening is the reduced risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, a severe consequence of high blood sugar that can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. Many American children are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes only after experiencing DKA, which can be both dangerous and painful. This condition often requires hospitalization in an intensive care unit.
Individuals who experience DKA at diagnosis may have a more challenging time managing their diabetes in the long run and could even face cognitive impairments. Being aware of an early stage of type 1 diabetes or having a heightened risk allows for regular blood sugar testing, which helps identify the first signs of high blood sugar. This proactive approach enables timely treatment with insulin before the condition escalates.
Regular testing and collaboration with healthcare providers can prevent many cases of DKA. Additionally, early detection gives individuals time to learn about diabetes management, such as carbohydrate counting, leading to a smoother transition to insulin therapy. It allows them to cope with the diagnosis gradually, alleviating some of the stress associated with learning about their condition.
Early Type 1 Diabetes Treatment
There is one approved drug for people in the early stages of diabetes: teplizumab (Tzield). This medication delays the onset of symptoms in individuals with stage 2 type 1 diabetes by an average of nearly three years. Delaying insulin dependency can be especially beneficial for younger individuals, allowing them more time to learn about managing the condition.
For example, if the onset of diabetes can be postponed from age 18 to age 22, it can make a significant difference, enabling a person to complete their college education without the added challenges of managing diabetes during that time. Tzield is administered through an IV infusion once a day over a 14-day period and is notably expensive, with a full course costing around $193,900.
